The Hidden Perils of Slimming Shots: Unveiling Adverse Events of Fat Dissolving Injections - A Systematic Review

Introduction: The growing popularity of non-surgical fat-dissolving injections, such as those involving deoxycholic acid, Aqualyx and Lemon bottle, necessitates a thorough examination of their safety profiles and potential adverse events. These minimally invasive procedures offer a favored alternative to traditional liposuction by targeting localized fat deposits with minimal downtime. This systematic review aims to collate and analyze data from various clinical studies, case reports, and adverse event databases to provide a comprehensive overview of the safety and risk profiles of these treatments.

Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed articles, case reports, clinical trials, and systematic reviews published in English, focusing on adverse events related to non-surgical fat-dissolving injections. Data extraction was independently performed by two reviewers, with a subsequent quality assessment using standardized tools like the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The data were synthesized narratively and, where appropriate, through meta-analysis.

Results: The review included 28 studies, comprising 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 10 observational studies, and 6 case reports, with a total of 1,472 participants aged 18-65 years. The most commonly treated areas were the submental region, abdomen, and thighs. The most frequently reported adverse events were swelling (85%), redness (70%), and tenderness (65%). Severe adverse events, though rare, included nerve injury (2%) and dysphagia (1.5%).

Conclusion: Fat-dissolving injections are generally safe but carry risks of severe adverse events. Proper technique and qualified practitioners are essential to minimize these risks.